Second-person prohibition

This parameter considers the existence of specific forms of the second-person singular present tense in the prohibitive, with reference to its counterparts in the affirmative imperative and negative (indicative) declarative.

The prohibitive may display distinct forms in two ways: (1) the verb form used for the prohibitive differs from that of the affirmative imperative, and (2) the strategy used to express prohibition differs from that of negative declarative.1 Across languages, the prohibitive may differ in one, both, or neither of each two ways, resulting in four possible types. If multiple strategies are possible within a language, the distinct types should be considered, unless these are not characteristic of actual use.2

Types:

Proh=ImpNegNonspec: Prohibitive and affirmative imperative verb forms are the same, with negation expressed using the same strategy as in negative declarative sentences.

Proh=ImpNegSpec: Prohibitive and affirmative imperative verb forms are the same, with negation expressed using a different strategy than in negative declarative sentences.

ProhNonImpNegNonspec: Prohibitive verb forms differ from affirmative imperative verb forms, while the strategy used for negative is the same as that in declarative sentences.

ProhNonImpNegSpec: Prohibitive verb forms differ from affirmative imperative verb forms, with negation expressed using a different strategy than in negative declarative sentences.


1: Strategies may include a negative word or verb.
2: In either case, the types should be detailed in the commentary.


[🠐 back]